Arriving at London, Ontario, Canada, in 1857, George White was delighted with the young country and decided to stay and open up a blacksmith and general repair shop in the fast growing city. However, he was soon enticed with the prospect of owning a hundred acres of land and the next few years found him farming a few miles north of London. White’s knowledge of iron-working became too well-known and his services were so much in demand that he decided to move back to the city and reopen a shop. Business was good and his small shop grew steadily and soon became known as the Forest City Machine Works.

During his farming days, George White became conscious of the great need for a suitable agricultural steam engine, and since he had the shop and tools, he began to work on plans for the manufacture of such an engine. Several small steam engines were designed and built. When he was satisfied with his engine, he set about acquiring the necessary boiler-making machinery. Finally, sometime in the early ’70s, his first portable farm engine was completed, to be followed by many hundreds more known from coast to coast in Canada as White’s Threshing Engine.

During the late ’70s and early ’80s, George White made several pioneer trips to the Canadian West and established his machines in that fast-developing area. The first engines had to be shipped via U. S. railroads and hauled the long distance north by horses or oxen. After the Canadian Pacific Railway crossed the prairie, a large warehouse was built in Brandon, Manitoba, to serve western Canada.

In the mid-’90s, steam traction engines were becoming popular. To meet this demand, the White factory built a number of traction engines of the return-flue type using the U. S. Huber as a pattern. The George White engines were all simple, and were built plain and sturdy. They used no fancy fittings.

Previous to 1898 only engines were built. That year the firm absorbed the plant of the MacPherson Company of Fingal, Ontario, which had been building the Challenge separator. This machine, already highly developed and well-known, rounded-out the George White output advertised as “The First Quality Line.”

George White had nine sons and three daughters. After finishing school, several of the boys started to work in their father’s factory. Upon completing his apprenticeship, each son was absorbed into an executive position in the firm, which became known in 1880 as the George White & Sons Company. One son was called by the Lord in 1899, but six of the boys remained with the firm for many years. One of the younger boys, Ernest, became Vice President of the company.

Information for this article came from the Encyclopedia of American Steam Traction Engines and Williams Grove Historical Steam Engine Association, Inc., Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania AND steamtraction.com.

The U.S. Post Office Dept opted for gummed labels which were produced through the joint efforts of the Government Printing Office and the Bureau of Engraving and Printing.

The use of these labels by those post offices authorized to handle inbound and outbound foreign registered mail became effective on January 1, 1883 and stayed in effect until January 24, 1911.  San Francisco was designated “exchange office” and the labels have thus come to be known as “exchange labels.”

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